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manufacturing of carbon nanotubes in a continuous inclined mobile-bed rotating reactor via the catalytic chemicalvapor deposition process

Sophie L. Pirard, Sigrid Douven, Jean-Paul Pirard

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期页码 280-289 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1635-1

摘要： This article reports the different steps of the design, development and validation of a process for continuous production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via catalytic chemical vapor deposition from the laboratory scale to the industrial production. This process is based on a continuous inclined mobile-bed rotating reactor and very active catalysts using methane or ethylene as carbon source. The importance of modeling taking into account the hydrodynamic, physicochemical and physical phenomena that occur during CNT production in the process analysis is emphasized. The impact of this invention on the environment and human health is taken into consideration too.

关键词： carbon nanotubes catalytic chemical vapor deposition inclined rotating reactor industrial process scaling-up

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无溶剂气相制备用于可持续分离过程的膜材料 Perspective

赵俊杰, Karen K. Gleason

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第12期页码 1432-1442 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.05.002

摘要：

可用于水净化、碳捕集、生物燃料生产、燃料电池运行以及节能工业分离操作的可持续化工过程亟待发展下一代膜材料。膜的无溶剂制备不仅消除了有机溶剂的潜在环境问题，而且解决了脆弱聚合物基材的膨胀问题。此外，采用无溶剂气相沉积方法可以减少合成微孔材料[如金属有机骨架（MOF）]所需的活化步骤。本文综述了几种真空沉积工艺，包括引发式化学气相沉积（iCVD）、引发式等离子体增强化学气相沉积（iPECVD）、无溶剂气相沉积原位聚合（SLIP）、原子层沉积（ALD）和分子层沉积（MLD）。这些无溶剂气相沉积方法在制备薄膜复合膜结构中的超薄选择层方面极具优势，而且能够保形地修饰纳米级孔道并精确调节孔径和孔内官能团。所制备的膜在气体分离、纳滤、海水淡化和水/油分离等方面表现出颇具应用潜力的性能。因此，开发新型膜材料、放大可用于无溶剂气相沉积的高通量反应器将对化学工业产生巨大影响。

关键词：膜分离化学气相沉积原子层沉积分子层沉积薄膜金属有机骨架聚合物先进制造

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Preparation of TiO

Shenghung WANG, Kuohua WANG, Jihmirn JEHNG, Lichen LIU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第3期页码 304-312 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0297-8

摘要： Titanium dioxide is coated on the surface of MCM-41 wafer through the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method using titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) as a precursor. Annealing temperature is a key factor affecting crystal phase of titanium dioxide. It will transform an amorphous structure to a polycrystalline structure by increasing temperature. The optimum anatase phase of TiO which can acquire the best methanol conversion under UV-light irradiation is obtained under an annealing temperature of 700°C for 2 h, substrate temperature of 500°C, 70 mL·min of oxygen flow rate, and 100 W of plasma power. In addition, the films are composed of an anatase-rutile mixed phase, and the ratio of anatase to rutile varies with substrate temperature and oxygen flow rate. The particle sizes of titanium dioxide are between 30.3 nm and 59.9 nm by the calculation of Scherrer equation. Under the reaction conditions of 116.8 mg·L methanol, 2.9 mg·L moisture, and 75°C of reaction temperature, the best conversion of methanol with UV-light is 48.2% by using the anatase-rutile (91.3/8.7) mixed phase TiO in a batch reactor for 60 min. While under fluorescent light irradiation, the best photoactivity appears by using the anatase-rutile (55.4/44.6) mixed phase TiO with a conversion of 40.0%.

关键词： photocatalyst titanium dioxide MCM-41 plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD)

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Phosphorene: Current status, challenges and opportunities

Anandarup Goswami, Manoj B. Gawande

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 296-309 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1783-y

摘要： The field of 2-dimensional (2D) materials has witnessed a sharp growth since its inception and can majorly be attributed to the substantial technical and scientific developments, leading to significant improvements in their syntheses, characterization and applications. In the list of 2D materials, the relatively newer addition is phosphorene, which ideally consists of a single layer of black phosphorous. Keeping in mind the past, and ongoing research activities, this short account offers a brief overview of the present status and the associated challenges in the field of phosphorene-related research, with special emphasis on their syntheses, properties, applications and future opportunities.

关键词： phosphorene black phosphorous anisotropy single layer thermoelectric chemical vapor deposition catalysis battery supercapacitor

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The role of ions in plasma catalytic carbon nanotube growth: A review

Erik C. Neyts

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 154-162 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1515-5

摘要： While it is well-known that the plasma-enhanced catalytic chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) offers a number of advantages over thermal CVD, the influence of the various individual contributing factors is not well understood. Especially the role of ions is unclear, since ions in plasmas are generally associated with sputtering rather than with growing a material. Even so, various studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of ion bombardment during the growth of CNTs. This review looks at the role of the ions in plasma-enhanced CNT growth as deduced from both experimental and simulation studies. Specific attention is paid to the beneficial effects of ion bombardment. Based on the available literature, it can be concluded that ions can be either beneficial or detrimental for carbon nanotube growth, depending on the exact conditions and the control over the growth process.

关键词： plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) carbon nanotube (CNT) ion bombardment defect healing

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Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of excellent a-Si:H passivation layers for a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction

Lei ZHAO,Wenbin ZHANG,Jingwei CHEN,Hongwei DIAO,Qi WANG,Wenjing WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第1期页码 85-91 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0437-3

摘要： The intrinsic a-Si:H passivation layer inserted between the doped a-Si:H layer and the c-Si substrate is very crucial for improving the performance of the a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction (SHJ) solar cell. The passivation performance of the a-Si:H layer is strongly dependent on its microstructure. Usually, the compact a-Si:H deposited near the transition from the amorphous phase to the nanocrystalline phase by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) can provide excellent passivation. However, at the low deposition pressure and low deposition power, such an a-Si:H layer can be only prepared in a narrow region. The deposition condition must be controlled very carefully. In this paper, intrinsic a-Si:H layers were prepared on n-type Cz c-Si substrates by 27.12 MHz PECVD at a high deposition pressure and high deposition power. The corresponding passivation performance on c-Si was investigated by minority carrier lifetime measurement. It was found that an excellent a-Si:H passivation layer could be obtained in a very wide deposition pressure and power region. Such wide process window would be very beneficial for improving the uniformity and the yield for the solar cell fabrication. The a-Si:H layer microstructure was further investigated by Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy characterization. The correlation between the microstructure and the passivation performance was revealed. According to the above findings, the a-Si:H passivation performance was optimized more elaborately. Finally, a large-area SHJ solar cell with an efficiency of 22.25% was fabricated on the commercial 156 mm pseudo-square n-type Cz c-Si substrate with the open-circuit voltage ( ) of up to 0.732 V.

关键词： PECVD high pressure and high power a-Si:H microstructure passivation heterojunction solar cell

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Improvement in growth yield of single-walled carbon nanotubes with narrow chirality distribution by pulse plasma CVD

Bin Xu, Toshiro Kaneko, Toshiaki Kato

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 485-492 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1831-2

摘要： A pulse plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique was developed for improving the growth yield of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with a narrow chirality distribution. The growth yield of the SWNTs could be improved by repetitive short duration pulse plasma CVD, while maintaining the initial narrow chirality distribution. Detailed growth dynamics is discussed based on a systematic investigation by changing the pulse parameters. The growth of SWNTs with a narrow chirality distribution could be controlled by the difference in the nucleation time required using catalysts comprising relatively small or large particles as the key factor. The nucleation can be controlled by adjusting the pulse on/off time ratio and the total processing time.

关键词： single-walled carbon nanotubes chirality-controlled synthesis pulse plasma chemical vapor deposition

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Direct synthesis of carbon nanotubes on fly ash particles to produce carbon nanotubes/fly ash composites

Fangxian LI, Cheng ZHOU, Pengfei YANG, Beihan WANG, Jie HU, Jiangxiong WEI, Qijun YU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第6期页码 1405-1414 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0564-0

摘要： Fly ash was used as catalytic support for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) growth by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) due to having ideal compositions (SiO , Al O , and Fe O ). In this paper, CNTs were synthesized on Ni catalyst/fly ash substrate using CVD method. The influence of parameters (e.g., reaction temperature and gas flow rate) on the carbon yield and structure of the resulting CNTs was on the carbon yield and structure of the resulting CNTs was investigated by thermo-gravimetric analyses, Scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy analysis. The results indicated that the growth temperature controlling had a significant effect on the diameter of CNTs. And the proper acetylene and hydrogen flow rate would decrease in defect density and increase in yield of as-grown CNTs on fly ash. Finally, the amorphous carbon on the surface of as-grown CNTs were removed by heating in air. Experimental results showed that the hydrophobic of the annealed CNTs was weak due to introducing functional groups to the surface of CNTs.

关键词： carbon nanotubes fly ash chemical vapor deposition parameters purification

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Growth and properties analysis of metal-organic chemical vapor deposited MgZnO films on -AlO substrates

SHI Zengliang, LIU Dali, YAN Xiaolong, GAO Zhongmin, BAI Shiying

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第3期页码 261-264 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0036-z

摘要： MgZnO (0 < ? 0.12) thin films with the wurtzite structure have been successfully grown on -AlO substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL) spectrometry, and transmission measurements are performed to study the characteristics of MgZnO thin films. Results show that with increasing Mg content, the diffraction peak of MgZnO thin films shifts towards a higher diffraction angle (the biggest shift is 0.22°), and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the diffraction peak is broadened. Meanwhile, a blue-shift occurs at the near-band-edge (NBE) emission peak and the largest blue-shift of the band gap of the MgZnO films is 113 meV with Mg content = 0.12. Therefore, the energy band gap of the MgZnO films is determined by Mg content in the thin films and the energy band gap increases with an increase of Mg content.

关键词： increase photoelectron spectroscopy transmission wurtzite structure MgZnO

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Development of new transient liquid phase system Au-Sn-Au for microsystem technology

Kirsten BOBZIN, Nazlim BAGCIVAN, Lidong ZHAO, Stefania FERRARA, Jan PERNE

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第4期页码 370-375 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0107-9

摘要： In the last decade, microsystems evolved to decisive technology in many technical applications. With increasing requirements on the performance of microsystems, more and more dissimilar materials are used in the same assembly. Correspondingly, suitable joining methods are required to fulfil the requirements on good properties of joints. In this study, a new transient liquid phase (TLP) system Au-Sn-Au was developed for potential medical applications in hybrid microsystems. The high and low melting phases Au and Sn were deposited onto diverse substrates by magnetron-sputter-ion plating. The coated substrates were soldered in a microsoldering station under different conditions. The influence of soldering conditions on the microstructure and properties of the joints was investigated. Results show that the developed solder led to high-quality joints that can be used in microsystems for medical applications.

关键词： transient liquid phase microtechnology soldering diffusion physical vapor deposition (PVD)

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Heat transfer characteristics of high heat flux vapor chamber

Dongchuan MO, Shushen LU, Haoliang ZHENG, Chite CHIN,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第2期页码 166-170 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0076-z

摘要： To meet the challenge of heat spreading in electronic products, highly efficient high heat flux heat transfer vapor chambers have been manufactured and their heat transfer characteristics have been studied by a fast test system. A solid copper block with the same shape as the vapor chamber is used to compare the performance of the vapor chamber. The result shows that, it will take about 5min to achieve a steady state in the fast test system. The heat transfer characteristics of the vapor chamber are more superior to those of the copper block. In this paper, total thermal resistance of the test system is used to evaluate the heat transfer characteristics of the vapor chamber, because it has already been used to consider both the spreading thermal resistance and the flatness of the vapor chamber.

关键词： high heat flux vapor chamber (VC) heat transfer characteristics fast test

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Scaling up of cluster beam deposition technology for catalysis application

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期页码 1360-1379 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2101-7

摘要： Many research works have demonstrated that the combination of atomically precise cluster deposition and theoretical calculations is able to address fundamental aspects of size-effects, cluster-support interactions, and reaction mechanisms of cluster materials. Although the wet chemistry method has been widely used to synthesize nanoparticles, the gas-phase synthesis and size-selected strategy was the only method to prepare supported metal clusters with precise numbers of atoms for a long time. However, the low throughput of the physical synthesis method has severely constrained its wider adoption for catalysis applications. In this review, we introduce the latest progress on three types of cluster source which have the most promising potential for scale-up, including sputtering gas aggregation source, pulsed microplasma cluster source, and matrix assembly cluster source. While the sputtering gas aggregation source is leading ahead with a production rate of ~20 mg·h^–1, the pulsed microplasma source has the smallest physical dimensions which makes it possible to compact multiple such devices into a small volume for multiplied production rate. The matrix assembly source has the shortest development history, but already show an impressive deposition rate of ~10 mg·h^–1. At the end of the review, the possible routes for further throughput scale-up are envisaged.

关键词： nanoparticle cluster cluster beam deposition magnetron sputtering heterogeneous catalysis

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New refrigeration system using CO vapor-solid as refrigerant

HUANG Dongping, DING Guoliang, QUACK Hans

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第4期页码 494-498 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0070-x

摘要： A refrigerant must be in the vapor-liquid phase in a vapor-compression refrigeration system, therefore, CO cannot be used as a refrigerant for temperatures lower than -56°C because solid CO will form under the triple point temperature of -56°C. A refrigeration system with CO vapor-solid particles as refrigerant is put forward, by which a temperature lower than the triple point is achieved. An adjustable nozzle, a sublimator, a high-pressure regulating valve and a low-pressure regulating valve are used to replace the conventional evaporator. Theoretical cycle analysis of the refrigeration system shows that its COP can be 50% higher than that of the conventional one.

关键词： refrigerant adjustable temperature vapor-compression refrigeration sublimator

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Effect of carbon deposition over carbonaceous catalysts on CH

Yongfa ZHANG, Meng ZHANG, Guojie ZHANG, Huirong ZHANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 481-485 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0523-8

摘要： An investigation was made using a continuous fixed bed reactor to understand the influence of carbon deposition obtained under different conditions on CH -CO reforming. Thermogravimetry (TG) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to study the characteristics of carbon deposition. It was found that the carbonaceous catalyst is an efficient catalyst in methane decomposition and CH -CO reforming. The trend of methane decomposition at lower temperatures is similar to that at higher temperatures. The methane conversion is high during the initial of stage of the reaction, and then decays to a relatively fixed value after about 30 min. With temperature increase, the methane decomposition rate increases quickly. The reaction temperature has significant influence on methane decomposition, whereas the carbon deposition does not affect methane decomposition significantly. Different types of carbon deposition were formed at different methane decomposition reaction temperatures. The carbon deposition Type I generated at 900°C has a minor effect on CH -CO reforming and it easily reacts with carbon dioxide, but the carbon deposition Type II generated at 1000°C and 1100°C clearly inhibits CH -CO reforming and it is difficult to react with carbon dioxide. The results of XRD showed that some graphite structures were found in carbon deposition Type II.

关键词： carbon deposition carbonaceous catalyst CH₄-CO₂ reforming

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Modeling of coal swelling induced by water vapor adsorption

Zhejun PAN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第1期页码 94-103 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1172-2

摘要： Gas adsorption-induced coal swelling is a well-know phenomenon. Coal swelling or shrinkage by adsorption or desorption of water vapor has not been well understood but has significant implications on gas drainage process for underground coal mining and for primary and enhanced coalbed methane production. Decreased matrix moisture content leads to coal shrinkage and thus the change of cleat porosity and permeability under reservoir conditions. Unlike gas adsorption in coal which usually forms a single layer of adsorbed molecules, water vapor adsorption in the coal micropores forms multilayer of adsorbed molecules. In this work, a model has been developed to describe the coal swelling strain with respect to the amount of moisture intake by the coal matrix. The model extended an energy balance approach for gas adsorption-induced coal swelling to water vapor adsorption-induced coal swelling, assuming that only the first layer of adsorbed molecules of the multilayer adsorption changes the surface energy, which thus causes coal to swell. The model is applied to describe the experimental swelling strain data measured on an Australian coal. The results show good agreement between the model and the experimental data.

关键词： multilayer adsorption vapour pressure coal shrinkage relative humidity permeability